RT Journal Article SR Electronic A1 Wiebe, Donald T1 The Deep History of the Scientific Study of Religious Thought and Behaviour JF e-rhizome YR 2021 VO 3 IS 1 SP 1 OP 20 DO 10.5507/rh.2021.001 UL https://e-rhizome.upol.cz/artkey/erh-202101-0001.php AB This article provides a brief overview of the literature on transitions in modes of thought in the evolutionary development of our non-human and pre-historic human forebears. I will argue that this evolutionary history can account for the cognitive foundations underlying modern scientific modes of thought-dedicated to achieving 'disinterested' knowledge for its own sake-although not the actual historical emergence of the sciences. Essential to this task is understanding the continuities and discontinuities between human thought and that of our primate ancestors-the transitions in the cognitive capacities required for dealing with the physical environment-and the transformations essential for dealing with the increasing social complexities of our pre-historic human ancestors.